Objective To explore the expression of ICAM-1, HBsAg, HBcAg and their roles in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B. Methods The expression of ICAM-1, HBsAgand HBcAg in the liver of patients with chronic HBV infection were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results With increasing inflammatory activity, strong expression of ICAM-I and weak expression of HBcAg were shown in the liver tissue of chronic hepatitis B. HBsAg expressed mainly in hepatocyte membrane. Conclusions Hepatic expression of ICAM-1 and HBcAg may play an important role in the inflammation of liver. The expression of HBsAg may reflect the degree of HBV replication.