Abstract: Objective：To establish and evaluate a globin gene copies relative quantitation method for the rapid detection of α-thalassemia --^SEA、-α^3.7 and -α^4.2 genotypes. Methods：The quadruple TaqMan real-time fluorescence PCR combined with 2^-ΔΔCt data analysis was established to simultaneously detect the relative copies of ψα, α2 and α1 genes for the rapid diagnosis of deletion genotypes of α-thalassemia. Then, 28 samples with known deletions of α-thalassemia genotypes and 309 clinical samples were detected by the established method, and the obtained results were compared with those from gap-PCR to evaluate the accuracy and practicality of the method. Results：The amplification efficiency of the established detection system was close to 100%. The accuracy of the detection system for the results of 28 samples with known deletions of α-thalassemia genotypes and 309 clinical samples was up to 100%. Moreover, the false negative and false positive caused by a small amount or trace of foreign contamination could be effectively eliminated. Conclusion：The established detection system based on globin gene copies relative quantitation technique could detect the deletions of α-thalassemia --^SEA、-α^3.7 and -α^4.2 genotypes simply, rapidly and accurately, which was suitable for the large scale population screening and routine molecular diagnosis.