The design of blood station laboratory has not only the commonness of medical laboratory, but also the particularity of blood test in blood station. By introducing the basic concepts of laboratory modules, passages, enclosure structures, and regional assignments, it is suggested that the design process of the laboratory be divided into 5 steps. The design and optimization measures of the laboratory system are introduced from 6 aspects, such as environmental control system, ventilation system, water supply and drainage system, power supply lighting system, information control system and safety protection system. Effectively integrate the scientific, technical and practical experience of designing blood station laboratories, and provide more reference materials for the design and construction of blood station laboratories.