Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical application of heparin-binding protein (HBP) levels in infectious pneumonia. Methods: A total of 51 patients with bacterial pneumonia, 44 patients with non-bacterial pneumonia and 51 controls in the Liaoning Province People′s Hospital from March to December 2017 were enrolled as the subjects in this study. The levels of HBP, serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT) and white blood cell (WBC) in the blood samples of each group were measured respectively. The differences of the measured results among the various groups were statistically analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of HBP and SAA for infectious pneumonia. Results: The plasma level of HBP in bacterial pneumonia group \[52.00(25.00, 101.00) ng/mL\] was significantly higher than those of non-bacterial pneumonia group \[(12.14±6.46) ng/mL\] and the healthy control group \[(11.86±5.14) ng/mL\] with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). There were no statistically differences of the plasma HBP level between non-bacterial pneumonia group and control group (P＞0.05). The level of SAA was 80.89(46.46, 167.35) mg/L in the bacterial pneumonia group, 11.86(2.06, 52.56) mg/L in non-bacterial pneumonia group and (3.34±2.98) mg/L in healthy control group with statistically differences among the three groups (P＜0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of HBP and SAA for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia was 0.917 and 0.834 respectively. When the cut off value was 19.50 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of HBP on the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia were 80.4% and 88.4% respectively. When the cut off value was 18.84 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity of SAA on the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia were 78.4% and 81.1% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of combination of HBP and SAA for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia were 90.2% and 80.0% respectively. When HBP=20.50 ng/mL and SAA=16.31 mg/L, the AUC of differential diagnosis for bacterial pneumonia and non-bacterial pneumonia by HBP and SAA were 0.908 and 0.748 respectively. The specificities of HBP and SAA for differential diagnosis of bacterial and non-bacterial pneumonia were 88.6% and 54.5% respectively. Conclusion: Plasma HBP should be a sensitive marker for bacterial infection. The diagnostic value of HBP for the differentiation between bacterial and non-bacterial pneumonia is superior to SAA, PCT and WBC. The combined detection of HBP and SAA could improve the sensitivity for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia.