With the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) worldwide, finding reliable and clinically relevant biomarkers to predict acute cardiovascular events needs to be resolved. Over the past few decades, scientists have developed many new methods for separating, measuring, and quantifying lipoproteins. These methods are also known as advanced lipoprotein testing methods (ALT). In the context of global standardization and uniformity of clinical trials, researchers have begun to study how to standardize the ALT method. However, the complexity of lipoprotein particles and the heterogeneity of multiple measurement methods reported in the literature have not been solved. Therefore, this article will review the research progress of plasma lipoprotein subclass detection methods currently applied in the laboratory.