[ABSTRACT] OBJECTIVE To analyze the sensitivity of ceftazidime-avibatan (CAZ/AVI) in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) bacterias and its clinical efficacy, so as to provide experimental basis for clinical rational use of CAZ/AVI. METHODS 170 strains of CRE were isolated from the first Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September in 2019 to May in 2020. The carbapenase types of CRE strains were detected by mCIM combined eCIM tests, and the drug sensitivity of CAZ/AVI were detected by Kirby-Bauer method. The suspected drug sensitivity results were reviewed by broth dilution method. Patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group based on the use of CAZ/AVI, thirty-seven pairs of patients were obtained by propensity matching, and the number of effective cases in clinical treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULT A total of 170 CRE strains were detected, of which 130 strains were producing serine-based carbapenemases and 35 strains were producing metal-dependent carbapenemases. The total sensitivity rate of CAZ/AVI was 78.8% (134/170). 52 strains were checked by broth dilution method, and the consistency rate of two methods was 99.4%. The baseline values of experimental group and control group were basically the same. The total effective cases of experimental group were higher than that of control group (P<0.005), also the same in Lower respiratory tract infection (P<0.005). CONCLUSION CAZ/AVI has highly sensitive to CRE producing serine-based carbapenemase, which can be used to treat celiac infection, respiratory infection and bloodstream infection caused by CRE. Clinicians should consider the possible pseudo sensitivity of CAZ/AVI when using the antibiotic.