Abstract: Objective To identify the genotypes of two patients with suspected abnomal hemoglobin Q-Thailand( HbQ-Thailand) and microcytic hypochromic anemia, and analyze the characteristics of their hematological parameters, so as to provide reference data for clinical genetic counseling. Methods The hematological indexes of two patients were detected. The mutations of globin gene were de- termined by Gap-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Meanwhile, the hematological phenotypic characteristics and capillary electrophoresis of hemoglobin results of the two patients were analyzed. Results The genotype of patient 1 was the heterozygous deletion of -a4.2 Q-Th. in/aa combined with β /βawanes, and that of patient 2 was the heterozygous deletion of -a'4.2-Q-Thailand I /axx combined with β "/β'Gr+(Ay8B)0 Their hematological characteristics showed microcytic hypochromic anemia and elevated Z7 band and abnormal Z1 band in the capillary electrophoresis of hemoglobin. Conclusion When HbQ-Thailand is combined with deletional β-thalassemia, HbQ-Thailand overlaps with HbF in the capillary electrophoresis of hemoglobin, which requires the identification or simultaneous analysis of deletional β-thalassemia to avoid a misdiagnosis.