Abstract: Objective To investigate the levels and clinical significance of plasma cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus （HIV)infected individuals. Methods A total of 410 HIV-infected individuals and 32 healthy contrls admitted to Nanjing Second Hospital from January 2022 to September 2025 were selected as the study subjects. The expression levels of 12 kinds of plasma cytokines, including IFN-a,IFN-y,IL-10,IL-12P70,IL-17a,IL-1p,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6, IL-8,and TNF-α，were detected using the multiplex bead-based flow immunoassay.The changes in peripheral blood routine,lymphocyte subsets, and the levels of cytokines in 66 newly diagnosed patients before treatment,43 patients with effective treatment, and 22 patients with ineffective treatment were further analyzed. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlations between the cytokines with changed expression levels and CD4* T cells or HIV RNA load. ResultsThe levels of six kinds of plasma cytokines such as IL-8,IL-6,IL-1β,IL-12P70,IL-10,and TNF-α in 360 HIV-infected individuals were higher thanthose in the healthycontrolgroup,and the differenceswere statistically significant(all P